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Arthur Augustus Zimmerman
Arthur Augustus Zimmerman (June 11, 1869 – October 22, 1936) was one of the world's greatest cycling sprint riders and winner of the first world championship in 1893. His prizes as an amateur were a consideration in the establishment of the International Cycling Association (ICA).
==Career summary==
Zimmerman won more than 1,000 races 〔(), retrieved June 2008〕 thanks to exceptional acceleration and the ability to pedal unusually fast. He was American national champion in 1890, 1891 and 1892. In 1892 he won the British one-mile and five-mile championships. In 1893 he won the ICA world sprint and 10 km championships in Chicago, Illinois. In that same year, he won 101 of the 110 races he disputed.
He turned professional in 1894 and won the sprint championship of France. His performances include a 100m flying start in 5.4 seconds, an average of 66.6 km/h. Claims that he could ride the last 200m of a sprint match in 12 seconds are less established. Bill Mills, who investigated the claims for the British weekly, ''The Bicycle'', wrote:
:It seemed to be a commonly held opinion that he invariably covered the last 220 () in 12 seconds flat, despite the fact that he rode a gear of 68 inches with 6½-inch cranks... and no toestraps!〔Zimmerman would have had to be pedal almost twice as fast as a modern sprinter using a higher gear. The faster he pedaled, the more his feet would have lifted from the pedals. Riders in Mills' time strapped their feet to the pedals. In modern times, the rider's shoes clip to the pedal and are strapped as well. Zimmerman had metal hooks - toeclips - into which to push his feet but little else to help him turn the pedals that fast.〕 Now this, if true, would be a phenomenal performance, seeing that our moderns, with gears in the high eighties or low nineties, on modern machines and tires, only rarely get below 13 sec. There is, unfortunately, no direct evidence of Zimmerman's performances over the 220 yards, for the very simple reason that in those days it was not customary to mark off the 220 yards mark nor to take times from it.〔The Bicycle, UK, 25 August 1943, pp12-13〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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